Translated from the Russian by S. Kittell
All credits to the original uploaders, this is an optimised pdf.
Preface 8
Chapter One. AN OUTLINE OF TRANSFORMERS 9
1.1. Application of Transformers 9
1.2. Principle of Operation of the Transformer and Basic Definitions 11
1.3. Power Transformer Performance 16
1.4. Single- and Three-Phase Transformers 23
1.5. Circuit Symbols. Types and Phase-Displacement Groups of Transformer Winding Connections 27
1.6. Autotransformers 36
1.7. Specific Features of Some Special-Purpose Transformers 40
1.8. Operation of Power Transformers Under Actual Service Conditions 50
1.9. Voltage Control 56
1.10. Transformer Winding Arrangements for On-Load Tap Changing 62
Chapter Two. MATERIALS USED IN TRANSFORMERS 66
2.1. Properties of Insulating Materials 66
2.2. Insulating Materials Used in Transformer Repair Work 72
2.3. Conductor and Magnetic Materials 79
2.4. Auxiliary Materials Used When Repairing Transformers 82
Chapter Three. TRANSFORMER DESIGN 87
3.1. Classification and Designations 87
3.2. General Design of Transformers 90
3.3. The Transformer Core 91
3.4. The Windings 102
3.5. Tapping Switches (Tap-Changers) 117
3.6. The Leads 141
3.7. Terminal Bushings 146
3.8. Transformer Insulation 155
3.9. Transformer Tank, Coolers, Oil Conservator, Thermosiphon Filter, and Other Transformer Fittings 161
3.10. Protective Devices and Instruments 177
Chapter Four. ORGANIZATION OF REPAIR WORK 190
4.1. Types of Repair Work 190
4.2. Preparation for Repair and the Organization of Repair Work 192
4.3. Specific Features of Transformer Repair Work. Conditions of Opening Up the Transformer for Inspection 196
Chapter Five. MEDIUM TRANSFORMER REPAIR (INSPECTION) 200
5.1. Disassembling the Transformer 200
5.2. Repairing the Windings 205
5.3. Repairing the Core 210
5.4. Repairing the Tap-Changers and Leads 214
5.5. Repairing the Terminal Bushings 217
5.6. Repairing the Tank Cover and Installing the Terminal Bushings and Other Fittings on the Cover 220
5.7. Repairing the Tank, Oil Conservator, and Other Fittings Installed on the Tank Cover 222
5.8. Tanking the Core-Coil Assembly 226
5.9. Mounting the Oil Conservator, Buchholz Relay, and Other Fittings. Testing the Transformer for Leak Tightness 228
Chapter Six. MAJOR TRANSFORMER REPAIR (OVERHAUL) 232
6.1. Dismantling the Tap-Changer, Terminal Bushings, Tank Cover, and Leads 233
6.2. Dismantling the Top Yoke Clamps and Unblading the Top Yoke 234
6.3. Dismantling the Windings and Insulation. Inspecting the Core 237
6.4. Repairing the Core with Complete Disassembly 239
6.5. Repairing and Making the Windings 252
6.6. Repairing and Making the Major Insulation 257
6.7. Fitting the Insulation. Mounting and Packing Out the Windings 260
6.8. Specific Features of Mounting the Windings of Transformers for 110 to 220 kV 264
6.9. Re-Blading the Top Yoke. Clamping the Windings and the Top Yoke 269
6.10. Soldering, Welding, Insulating, and Fastening the Leads 272
6.11. Drying Out, Inspecting, and Assembling Transformers 282
6.12. Specific Features of Drying Out and Repairing Transformers for 110 kV and Upwards 290
Chapter Seven. DRYING OUT, PURIFYING, AND DEGASSING THE TRANSFORMER OIL 300
7.1. Cleaning the Oil of Moisture and Mechanical Impurities. Regenerating the Oil 300
7.2. Degassing the Transformer Oil 307
Chapter Eight. TRANSFORMER TESTING 309
8.1. Testing the Transformer Oil 310
8.2. Measuring the Insulation Resistance 313
8.3. Testing the Insulation 317
8.4. Determining the Transformation Ratio, Phase-Displacement Group of the Winding Connection, and D.C. Resistance of the Windings 320
8.5. Measuring the No-Load Current and the No-Load and Short-Circuit Losses 322
8.6. Determining the Insulation Characteristics 323
Bibliography 327
Index 328
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